Plants

Lichen

Lichen (Cladonia spp.)

The Cladonia group of lichens are sometimes referred to as 'reindeer moss' as they thrive amongst areas of Heather where the dense canopy has been broken up by grazing. In Northern Europe lichens are also used to supplement the diet of domestic reindeer herds. This group of lichens is diverse ranging from short cup shaped stems to large highly branched structures and those that bear bright red fruits, known as 'bengal matches'. Many lichens, including Cladonia sp, have historically been used in some cough syrups and form a useful part of potpourri due to their ability to absorb the perfume and release it slowly over time. Growth is widespread throughout Northern Ireland especially in areas of low pollution. For this reason some species of lichen can be used as a 'bioindicator' where their presence indicates clean air.